Confucius said, "if you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools."
Generally, according to the dyeing form of the dyed fabric, it is divided into five types of dyeing machines, such as loose fiber, sliver, yarn, fabric and garment.
Loose fiber dyeing machine
1. Batch loose fiber dyeing machine
It is composed of a charging drum, a circular dyeing tank and a circulating pump (as shown in the figure). The barrel has a central tube, and the barrel wall and the central tube are full of small holes. Put the fiber into the drum, put it in the dyeing tank, put in the dyeing solution, start the circulating pump, and heat up the dyeing. The dye solution flows out from the central pipe of the drum, passes through the fiber and the wall of the drum from the inside to the outside, and then returns to the central pipe to form a circulation. Some bulk fiber dyeing machines are composed of a conical pan, a dyeing tank and a circulating pump. The false bottom and lid of the conical pan are full of holes. When dyeing, put the loose fiber into the pot, cover it tightly, and then put it into the dyeing tank. The dyeing liquid flows out of the pot cover from bottom to top through the false bottom through the circulation pump to form a circulation for dyeing.
2. Continuous loose fiber dyeing machine
It is composed of a hopper, a conveyor belt, a rolling roller, a steam box, etc. The fiber is sent to the liquid rolling roller by the conveyor belt through the hopper, and is drenched with dyeing liquid. After being rolled by the liquid rolling roller, it enters the steam steamer. After steaming, conduct soaping and water washing.
Sliver dyeing machine
1. Wool ball dyeing machine
It belongs to batch dyeing equipment, and its main structure is similar to the drum type bulk fiber dyeing machine. During dyeing, put the strip wound into a hollow ball into the cylinder and tighten the cylinder cover. Under the driving of the circulating pump, the dyeing liquid enters the wool ball from the outside of the cylinder through the wall hole, and then flows out from the upper part of the porous central tube. The dyeing is repeated until the dyeing is completed.
2. Top continuous pad dyeing machine
The structure is similar to that of the continuous bulk fiber dyeing machine. The steam box is generally "J" shaped with drying equipment.
Yarn dyeing machine
1. Hank dyeing machine
It is mainly composed of a square dyeing tank, a support, a yarn carrying tube and a circulating pump. It belongs to intermittent dyeing equipment. Hang the hank yarn on the carrier tube of the support and put it into the dyeing tank. The dyeing liquid flows through the hank under the driving of the circulating pump. In some models, the yarn carrier tube can rotate slowly. There are small holes on the tube wall, and the dye liquid is ejected from the small holes and flows through the hank.
(Schematic diagram of Hank dyeing machine)
2. Cone dyeing machine
It is mainly composed of cylindrical dyeing tank, creel, liquid storage tank and circulating pump. It belongs to batch dyeing equipment. The yarn is wound on a cylindrical reed tube or a porous conical tube and then fixed on the porous sleeve of the bobbin in the dyeing tank. The dye liquid flows into the perforated sleeve of the bobbin through the circulating pump, and then flows outward from the inner part of the bobbin yarn. After a certain interval of time, reverse flow can be conducted. The dyeing bath ratio is generally about 10:1-5:1.
3. Warp dyeing machine
It is mainly composed of cylindrical dyeing tank, warp shaft, liquid storage tank and circulating pump. It is a batch dyeing equipment. Originally used for warp dyeing, it is now widely used for plain dyeing of loose fabrics, especially synthetic fiber warp knitted fabrics. During dyeing, the warp yarn or fabric is wound on a hollow warp shaft full of holes and then loaded into a cylindrical dyeing tank. The dyeing liquid flows through the yarn or fabric on the hollow warp shaft from the small hole of the hollow warp shaft under the action of the circulating pump, and reverses the flow regularly. The warp dyeing machine can also be used for dyeing light and thin lining fabrics.
4. Warp pad dyeing (pulp dyeing)
Warp pad dyeing is mainly used in the production and processing of denim with color warp and white weft. It is to introduce a certain number of thin shafts into each dyeing tank, and realize the dyeing of indigo (or sulfide, reduction, direct, coating) dyes after repeated multi dipping, multi rolling, and multiple ventilation oxidation. After pre drying and sizing, the warp yarn with uniform color can be obtained, which can be directly used for weaving. The dyeing tank during warp pad dyeing can be multiple (sheet machine) or one (ring machine). This equipment used in combination with sizing is called sheet dyeing and sizing combined machine.
5. Bread yarn dyeing machine
Similar to the dyeing of loose fiber and cone yarn.
Fabric dyeing machine
According to the shape and characteristics of fabric dyeing, it is divided into rope dyeing machine, roll dyeing machine, roll dyeing machine and continuous pad dyeing machine. The latter three are all flat dyeing equipment. Wool fabrics, knitted fabrics and other easily deformed fabrics are mostly dyed with loose rope dyeing machines, while cotton fabrics are mostly dyed with flat width dyeing machines.
1. Rope dyeing machine
Commonly known as a cylinder without nozzles, it is mainly composed of a dyeing tank, a circular or elliptical basket roller, and is a batch dyeing equipment. During dyeing, the fabric is immersed in the dyeing bath in a relaxed and curved shape, lifted by the basket roller through the cloth guide roller, and then falls into the dyeing bath. The fabric is connected head to tail and circulates. During the dyeing process, the fabric is immersed in the dyeing bath in a relaxed state for most of the time, and the tension is small. The bath ratio is generally 20:1 ~ 40:1. Because the bath is relatively large, the pulling cylinder is now phased out.
Since the 1960s, the newly developed equipment types of rope dyeing machine include jet dyeing machine, normal temperature overflow dyeing machine, air flow dyeing machine, etc. Jet dyeing machine is a batch dyeing equipment with high effect, and the tension of fabric dyeing is small, so it is suitable for the dyeing of multi variety and small batch synthetic fiber fabrics. It is mainly composed of dyeing tank, ejector, cloth guide pipe, heat exchanger and circulating pump. During dyeing, the fabric is connected head to tail. The fabric is lifted from the dyeing bath by the cloth guide roller. It is driven in the cloth guide pipe by the liquid flow ejected by the ejector. Then it falls into the dyeing bath and is immersed in the dyeing bath in a relaxed and curved shape and moves forward slowly. The cloth is lifted again by the cloth guide roller for circulation. The dye liquid is driven by a high-power pump, passes through the heat exchanger, and is accelerated by the ejector. The bath ratio is generally 5:1 ～ 10:1.
The following is the dynamic schematic diagram of L-type, O-type and U-type jet dyeing machines:
(O type)
(L type)
(U type)
(Air flow dyeing machine)
2. Jigger
It is a long-standing flat dyeing equipment. It is mainly composed of dyeing tank, cloth roll and cloth guide roll, belonging to intermittent dyeing equipment. The fabric is first wound on the first cloth roll in a flat width, and then wound on the other cloth roll after passing through the dyeing liquid. When the fabric is about to be wound, it is rewound to the original cloth roll. Each winding is called one pass, and so on until the dyeing is completed. The bath ratio is generally 3:1 ～ 5:1. Some jigging machines are equipped with automatic control facilities such as fabric tension, turning and running speed, which can reduce fabric tension and reduce labor intensity of workers. The following figure is a sectional view of the jigger.
3. Roll dyeing machine
It is a combination of intermittent and continuous open width dyeing machine. It is mainly composed of soaking mill and heating and insulation room. The immersion mill is composed of rolling car and rolling liquid tank. There are two types of rolling cars: two rolls and three rolls. The rolls are arranged up and down or left and right. The pressure between the rolls can be adjusted. After the fabric is immersed in the dyeing liquid in the rolling tank, it is pressed by the roller. The dyeing liquid permeates into the fabric, and the excess dyeing liquid still flows into the rolling tank. The fabric enters the insulation room and is wound into a large roll on the cloth roll. It is slowly rotated and stacked for a certain time under wet and hot conditions to gradually dye the fiber. This equipment is suitable for small batch and multi variety open width dyeing. This kind of dyeing machine is used for cold pad batch dyeing in many factories, as shown in the following figure:
4. Continuous pad dyeing machine
It is a flat continuous dyeing machine with high production efficiency and is suitable for dyeing equipment of large batch varieties. It is mainly composed of dip rolling, drying, steaming or baking, flat washing and other units. The combination mode of the machine depends on the nature of the dye and the process conditions. Dip rolling is usually carried out by two or three roll rolling cars. The drying is heated by infrared ray, hot air or drying cylinder. The infrared ray heating temperature is uniform, but the drying efficiency is low. After drying, steam or bake to fully dye the fiber, and finally conduct soaping and water washing. The hot melt continuous pad dyeing machine is suitable for disperse dye dyeing.
The following is the flow chart of the continuous pad dyeing machine:
5. Garment dyeing machine
The garment dyeing machine is suitable for small batch and special varieties of garment dyeing, with the characteristics of flexibility, convenience and speed. The principle is as follows:
Post time: Jun-26-2021